Heat Index
The "heat index" or apparent temperature is a measure of discomfort due to the combination of heat and high humidity. It was developed in 1979.

Heat Exhaustion
- a condition caused by excessive exposure to heat resulting in depleting body fluids and salt through perspiration and dehydration. The condition is characterized by cold, clammy skin, weakness, nausea, dizziness and sometimes loss of consciousness. The body temperature may rise but not above 102 degrees Farenheit. It generally occurs after a few days of a heat wave rather than at the begining. Take it easy when the temperature is hot to prevent Heat Exhaustion. To recover from Heat Exhaustion - rest in cool shady environment and increase your intake of fluids. Watch closely consult a doctor if needed.

Heatstroke
- an acute and potentially fatal reaction to extreme heat upseting the body's own thermostat, resulting in the body's inability to regulate its own temperature. The onset of heatstroke may be gradual or sudden, with the symptoms including lethargy, confusion and unconsciousness. Then the victim ceases to sweat causing the skin to become hot and dry. The body temperature rises rapidly to more than 105 degrees Farenheit. In the final stage there is mental confusion, shock and convulsions, leading to coma and sometimes death. Heatstroke requires medical aid.

Heat Cramps
- muscle cramps can be a problem in hot weather, especially in the legs, because of brief imbalances in body salts. They occur more in people who are not accustomed to exercising in the extreme heat. Cramps become less frequent as a person becomes used to the heat.

Heat Fainting
- is a quick drop in blood pressure that can lead to fainting. Fainting is another problem for those who are exercising in heat without building up a tolerance. As with heat cramps, the cure is to take it easy.

Heat-Stress Precautions

• Never leave anyone [including pets] in a closed, parked vehicle during hot weather. It only takes a matter of minutes to reach deadly temperatures.
• Drink plenty of fluids; avoid alcohol, caffeine or extremely sugary drinks.
• If you must exercise - do so in the early morning or late evening when the temperatures are lower.
• Stay indoors and in an air-conditioned environment. Keep the shades and curtains closed. Use as few lights as possible. Don't use the stove or oven. Use fans to create cross-ventilation. If the temperature is very high aim the fans out of the windows.
• Take frequent breaks if you work outside. Push the fluids - especially water.
• Eat meals more often but in smaller and lighter amounts.
• Check with your doctor about the effects of sun and heat exposure while taking medications. Be aware of herbal interactions [St. John's Wort, for example].
• Wrap babies in a very light cloth. No heavy blankets or clothing. Just a diaper and a t-shirt works well.
• Check frequently on the elderly and young. They are not as sensitive to body signals and may not sense danger.
• At the first sign of heat exhaustion [nausea, headaches, dizziness, muscle cramps], move to a cooler place, rest and sip fluids. Seek medical attention if conditions do not improve.
• Wear sun block, hats and loose clothing. Lighter colors reflect the heat while the dark colors absorb heat.